Build a Raised Bed for Your Garden

Image by Ulrike Mai from Pixabay

Nothing says spring like fresh-turned earth, the tender green of young shoots, and a brand-new DIY project!  

Building a raised bed is a great idea for a number of reasons.  First, your soil may be rocky or have high percentages of clay or sand, in which case it makes sense to put down topsoil.  Raised beds are also one way of leveling sloping land and cordoning off sloping topsoil.  Finally, raised beds look neat and keep your plants neat: within reason, they prevent your plants from spreading to your grass and vice-versa.

Choosing Your Location

Make sure that you are choosing your location such that you receive enough sunlight for your plants to thrive.  Veggies and many flowers require sun or part-sun, so be sure you don't shade your bed overmuch.  If you intend to build more than one bed side-by-side, try to arrange the long sides of your bed north-south so that they don't shade each other!

Choosing Your Wood

The very best wood for raised beds is cedar, redwood or juniper: they're bug- and mold-resistant and have a lovely color and smell.  Raised beds made from these woods can last as long as 10 - 15 years.  It's possible to use less expensive wood, but you should expect to do more frequent repairs.  Other appropriate wood includes pine, fir, black locust or hemlock.

Instructions

1) Assembling the Bed

You can make the bed any size you choose, but make sure that the bed is elevated at least 6" from the ground.  To make a bed in which you can access plants easily, be sure it's no more than 4' across, so you need no more than a 2' reach on either side.

Cut four, 2x4 anchoring posts cut to a height such that, when you set them down, they are level with the top of the bed.  You may choose to add additional posts alongside the bed, but this is not typically necessary.  Set your finished posts aside.

Next, take clamps and press the boards for each wall together.  Set the corner posts atop these boards, lining them up with the ends of the longer walls and set back 1.5" from the shorter ones.  Once the posts and walls are arranged properly, drill pilot holes and then screw together.

Finally, repeat this process with all four sides to make a box, with the posts on the inside of the raised bed.

You can calculate how much soil you will need by multiplying the length, width and depth of your new raised bed together.  For example, if your raised bed is 6' by 3' by 1.5', you'd multiply (6 x 3 x 1.5) to get 27 ft³.  A common size for topsoil is a 1.5 ft³, so purchasing 18 bags of topsoil would fill your new bed (27ft³ for your whole bed / 1.5ft³ per bag = 18 bags).

2) Setting the Bed

Take your frame and place it in the correct location.  Use a shovel to mark the outside of the raised bed.

Move the frame out of the way and use the shovel marks to tear out the sod, weeds and larger rocks.  If your soil quality is adequate, you can stop here.  If your soil quality is very poor, you may need to keep digging until you have an extra foot of depth.

You may choose to anchor your bed by digging post-holes and even reinforcing with a small amount of concrete at the bottom of each hole.  Make sure you use a level before you finalize the position of your bed!  If you use concrete, be sure to let it cure for 24-48 hours.  

3) Preparing Your Bed to Hold Soil

If you did not choose a rot-resistant wood, line the edges of the bed with heavy-duty plastic along the inside walls and staple with a heavy-duty staple gun.  Otherwise, you may skip this step.

Finally, roll out landscaping fabric along the bottom of your prepared bed with a slight overlap between your sheets, and pour your soil mix inside.  Water the bed with a fine mist to allow the soil to settle into place; then, rake the bed to be sure that the soil is more-or-less level. 

4) Finishing touches

Once you've planted your chosen plants, consider mulching around them, especially if they are perennials.  This can help keep out pests and help retain moisture, as well as keeping weeds away.

If your bed is for annuals, consider mulching the walkway between plant beds!  This can help prevent the spread of weeds.

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Best of luck in this and all your new spring projects!